Testing machine



May 11, 1926. 1,584,300

W. A. JOHNSQN ET AL TESTING MACHINE Filed August 14', 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 May l1 1926.

w. A. JOHNSON Er AL TESTING MACHINE 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed August 14 1925 rllk@ w. A. JOHNSON ET AL.

May 1l TESTING MACHINE Sheets-Sheet :5

Filed August 14, 1925 Patented May 11, 1926.

UNITED STATES 'assiste PATENT oFFleE.

WALTER A. JOHNSON' AND Renew HUECKLER, or THREE nivEns, MICHIGAN.

.TESTING MACHINE.

Application-filed August 14', 1925. sei-nino. Y50,252.

This invention relates to testing machines for ascertaining the ybursting strength of sheet materials such as paper and cloth and the like, and it consists of the matters hereinafter described and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

The primary object of the invention is to providea mach-ine for accurately 4ascertaining the bursting Istrength 'of various kinds of paper, and one which includes resistance member that remains constant and invariable and unaffected by climatic or temperature changes.

A further object of the invention is to pro'- vide a. machine which is of simple, yet strong and rigid construction, and one which is easy to manipulate for its'intended purpose.

These objects of the invention as wellas others, together with the many advantages thereof `will more fully appear fas we proceed with our specification. v

In the drawings i Fig. 1 is a view in front elevation 'of a testing` machine embodying our invention.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section through the machine, on an enlarged scale, theplane of the section being indicated by the line 2-2 of Fig. 3.

Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical sectional View fas taken on the line 3-3 'of Fig. l2;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a forked post embodied in ourimproved testing machine.

Fig. 5 forming a vpart of our improved testing machine.

Fig. 6 is a detail view partly in 'elevation and partly in section of the connection between the resistance device and plunger of our improved machine and will be referred to i-n more detail later.

Fig- 7 is a Ydetail view on an enlarged scale of the brake actuating mechanism for the resistance. member. f

Fig. S is al transverse vertical sectional view as taken on the line 8.-'8 of Fig. 6. u

Fig. 9 is a detail view `on an enlarged scale of parts shown in lower right hand corner of Fig. 2.

Referring `now in detail to th-atembodiment of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings, 1 indicates as a si'de wall 5 of the casing.

is a perspective view of a plunger right side walls .hand 5 vand a top wall `6 which may be' any desired shape or contour.

7 indicates avertically movable non-rotative screw threaded post located adjacent the The bottom end of said post engages in` a bevelled pinion. 8 which is suit-ably journalled in a bearing sleeve r9 `forming a part of a bracket 10 fixed to and extending inwardly from the adjacent side wall 5. Said pinion meshes with'a similar pinion 11 fixed on the inner end of a stub shaft .1-2 ournalled in a bea-ring'bushing and sleeve 13 carried by the sidewall.' `5. 0n that end'of said shaft without thecasing is fixed a hand wheel 14 having a handle 15 by means ofwhich it is rotated. It is apparent that when the hand wheel 'is turned a vertical `movement will be imprinted1 to the post through the mechanism ust described.

'The top end of the post 7 is for-med to providea pair of laterally disposed' upright arms 16-16 each of 'which extends up through antifrictio'n bearings 17in the top wall ofthe casing and on the top ends of saidarms ismounted a paper holder in the form of a clan'iping device 18 in which'the paper' 'orother material to be tested. for the bursting strength is secured. Said clamp.

ing device includes a horizontally disposed plate 19 which Peng-ages upon and is fixed to the extremeV top ends-of the arms 16 and in said plate in linewith the'post 7 is an opening `20. Said` plate includes ay goose neck arm V21 which terminates in a vertically disposed sleeve 22 in -axial alignment with the opening 2O and journalled in said sleeve is a plunger 23. The bottom end of said plunger carries an inverted cup-like clamping member 24C and the top end of said plunger which is reduced in diameter extends through the top end of said sleeve. A helical coiled compression spring 25 surrounds said reduced part of the plunger within `the sleeve and normally urges said plunger and member into engagement with the ,plate 19. In the Y bottomiof said cup-like member 24 is a recess 26 in line with the opening 20. The extreme top 'end of said plunger carries a cross pin. 27 under which the short arm 28 ofa lever 29 extends, said lever being pivoted at 3() on the goose neck yarm 21. `The piece of paper $1a 'to be tested (see Fig. 1) may be inserted into the space between the plate 19 and member 24 after deperssing Vthe lever 29.v After releasing the pressure on said lever, themember 24g will act (through i the spring 25) to securely clamp the material to be ktested in place.

In vertical alignment with the post 7 and the opening 2O in the clamping plate a plunger is provided, which plunger includes a cylindrical top portion 31 and a` bottom forked portion having laterally spaced arms 32, as best shown in Fig. 5. Said cylindrical portion of the plunger slides through an antifriction bearing 33 -formed in the top wall of the casing and the extrem-e top end of said cylindrical portion which is formed to eliminate sharp corners `is normally located just below the clamping plate 19. The bottom ends of thefork arms 32 are normal ly adjacent the top end of the post 7 proper with which it is in alignment and to said bottom ends of said Varms is attached one endv of a link or sprocket chain 34. y Said chain which is relatively short is trained over the segmental head 35 of a constant and invariable resistance member 36 and 'the other end of said chain is fixed to said head as at 37, said head having side flanges 38 to prevent lateral displacement of said chain. The resist-ance member is a dead weight and consequently is unaffected by temperature or climatic changes and is in the form of a normally depending segmental body 39 of a radius much greater than that of the head 35.- The said member normally hangs pendent while in its inoperative position and includes .an extensionr 39El which projects underneath the bearing bracket 10. Said resistance or dead weight member 36 is fixed on a short horizontal shaft 40 suitably journaled yin antifriction .bearings 41-41 fixed in lugs 42 projecting` inwardly from the front and rear walls 2 and 3 of the casing 1 as best shown in Fig. 8. The body 39 of said resistance member, `carries on that side adjacent the front wall 2, an arcuate rack 43 with which meshes al pinion 44 on a forwardly extending` shaft45 journalled in said front wall. On said front wall is a gage 46 suitably calibrated in the desired units or graduati-ons of measurements in the manner well known andv fixed on said .shaft 45 is a hand or pointer 47 cooperating with the calibrations of the gage. In the operation of the machine the clamping plate 19 with the paper thereon is moved downwardly under the action of turning the handwheel 14 in one direction, until the paper engages the rounded top end of the cylindrical portion 31 of the plunger which will then move downwardly with the clamping plate. In this movement, the body 39 of the resistance member 36 ywill swing clockwise, imposing a resistance to the action of the downward movement of the plunger in proportion to the amount of swinging movement of the resistance member. In the movement of said resistance member body, the rack 43 will rotate the shaft 45 and indicator hand to visibly present to view the .amount of resistance imposed on the paper, which resistance is, of course, increased as the weight is swung clockwise. When the paper can no longer withstand the increasing weight, the plunger will break through the paper, which paper is atthelimit of its resistance to a bursting pressure, which pressure is regis* tered or indicated on the gage. When the plunger breaks through the paper, the rounded top end thereof enters the recess 26 inV the clamping member 24.

' Means are providedto prevent the return swing of the resistance` member 39 when the plunger' breaks` through the paper and said means are as follows z-50 indicates ratchet toothed bar located between the resistance member 36 and the front wall of the casing and made on an arc concentric with the shaft 40. Said tootherd bar is pivoted at one end to a cross shaft 51 fixed in the front and rear walls 1 and 2 near the junction of the end wall 4 and top wall 6. The other end of said toothed bar is supported for a slight swinging movement by means of a link 52, one end of which is pivotally connected to said end of said bar andthe other end of which is'pivotally conn-ected to the free end of a short arm 53 vfixed on a transverse horizontal rock shaft 54 journalled at its ends in the front and rear walls of the casing. Said shaft has .secured Vto that end thereof without the front wall 2, a lever arm 55 by which it is manipulated, and secured to said shaft within the casing` adjacent the arm 53, is a segmental plate 56, the purpose of which will appear later.v On that side ofthe resistance member orjdead weight adjacent the plane of the tooth-ed bar 50 and near the periphery thereof is provided a dog 57 which in the 'swinging movement of the dead weight in one direction will drag over the teeth of said bar and when the plunger breaks through the paper, will act t-o hold said dead weight against a return movement under gravity so that the amount of resistance on the paper will be registered by the gage for the purpose of observation. As it is impractical to make the teeth of the rack bar too fine, we provide a plurality of .such pawls having ends slightly offset from one another, 'any one oflwhich will act in conjunction with the engaged tooth to hold the dead weight as is apparent. Said pawls arer urged into engagement with said rack bars by means of a weight member 58 to eliminate the use of springs therein.

To permit theA slow; Veasy "return of the dead weight or resistance member to its normally inactive position instead of a quick swinen after releasing the bar 50 from the pawl 57. weI provide a brakinnr shoe with which the peripheral part of said resistance member has wiping or braking cont-act when moving toward its normal inoperative `position, but which is out of engagement with said member when in its operative swinging movement.

Said n-ieans` includes an `arcuate brake shoe 66 which is` made substantially concentric with the axis of the deadweight or resistance member shaft 4-:0 and which is also pivoted at ione end on the shaft 51 before mentioned. The other end of said brake shoe normally rests on a cam-like member 6l [ined on a horizontal rock shaft 62 parallelwit-h the rock shaft 54, and located between said lshaft and the side wal-l 5. Said shaft 62 is journalled at its ends in the front and rear walls of the casing. within the casing and near said front and rear falls 2 and 3 are rearwardly extending arms 63, the free ends of each of which are pivotally connected t0 the bottom end of an associated upright link 64. The top end of each link is operatively connected to an extension arm 65, one fixed to each of the yoke arms 16. On the shaft 62 between the plate 56 on the shaft 54 and the front wall of the casing is a segmental ratchet wheel 66 with which a pawl 67 .pivoted on said plate engages to hold the shaft 62 against a` reverse movement until released. When in the operation of the machine the post 7 and arms 16 are moved downwardly, the shaft 62 is turned a partialrevolution to cause the cam 6l to lift the free end of the brake slice upwardly as the resistance member is swinging clockwise so as to bring the brake shoe into position to be engaged by the resistance member in its counter clockwise movement,

after a test has been made and it is desiredy to restore the parts to their normal positions. In they movement of the rock sha-ft 62,l the pawl 67 will click over the teeth of the ratchet 66 and will hold the rock shaft against reverse movement as before described.

After a test has been made and the bui'sting strength of the paper being tested has been disclosed by the gage', the operator swings the lever-55 upwardly and rocksthe shaft 54 whichl through the arm 53 and link 52 swings the free end of the rack bar downwardly so as to release it from the pawl 57. In the upward swinging movement of the leve-r 55 the plate 56 carrying the pawl 67 moves away from the ratchet 66, thus releasing the same soV thatafter the deadweight has been released from the rack bar it will swing to its normal position and in this swing will engage the brake shoe and be retarded thereby so that the return is slow and easy. Thus, no shock or jar can be imparted to the machine in the return movement of the dead weight. The hand wheel 'la is then turned in the other direction to return the post and clamping plates `Secured to said shaft 62.

to their normal elevated position and as the post 7 moves upwardly, the cam 6l which supports the. free end of the brake shoe is moved by means of the links6et to permit the brake shoe to return toits normal position after which the lever 55 is actuated to bring the rack bai' to its normal position. After removing the tested paper 'from the holder 1,8 a new piece may be inserted with all parts in a position ready for another test.

. Our improved machine is in no manner affected in its operation by temperature or cli-matic changes because the resistance member is a dead weight and unaffected by such changes. The bursting strength of the paper being tested is visibly presented to view by the gage and isv readily readable. The brake shoe prevents sucha quick return of the resistance device would cause shlocks, jars, or breakage to the associated mechanisms. The parts Vare strong ,and rugged and are easily assembled in place. While in describing our invention we have referred to certain'details of mechanical construction as well as form and arrangement of parts thereof, we do not wish to be lim.- ited thereto except as may be pointed out -in the appended claims.

l/Ve claim as our invention:

l. A machine of the kind described embodying therein, paper .holding means, a movable constant resistanceV member, a

plunger operatively connected to said resist-- ance member for imparting movement thereto and against which the paper is moved by said holding means, an' indicator device associated with said resistance member, and means for releasably holding said resistance member upon the breaking of the plunger through the paper;

2. A machine of the kind described einbodying therein, paper holding` means, a swingable constant resistance member, a plunger operatively connected to saidv resistance member for imparting a swinging movement thereto in one direction and against which the paper is moved by saidV holding means, an indicator device associated with said swingable resistance meinber, and means for releasably holding said resistance member in that position into' which it has been swung by the plunger, upon the breaking of the plunger through the paper.

3. A machine of the kind described embodying therein, paper holding means, swingable constant resistance member, a plunger operatively connected to said resistance member for imparting a swinging movement thereto in one direction and against which the paper is moved by said holding means, an indicator device associated with said swingable resistance member, a pawl carried by said resistance mem-v ber,and. a toothed bar adapted tov beengaged therebyvfor releasably `holding said resistance member' in that position into which it has been swung by the plunger upon the breaking of the plunger through the paper.

4. A machine of the kind described embodying therein, paper holding means, a swingable constant resistance member, a plunger operatively connected. to said resistance member for imparting a swinging movement thereto in one direction and against which4 the paper is moved by said holding means, an indicator device associated with said swingable resistance member, and cooperating paw] and ratchet members, one of which is carried by said resistance member for releasably holding said resistance member in that position into which it has been swung by said plunger upon breaking of the plunger through the paper.

5. A machine of the kind described embodying therein, paper holding means, a swingable constant resistance member, a plunger operatively connected to said resistance member for impartinga swinging movement thereto in one direction and against which the paperis moved by .said holding means, an indicator device associated with said swingable resistance member, a pawl carried by said resistance member, a toothed bar adapted to be engaged thereby for holding said resistancemember in that position into which it has been swung by the plunger upon breaking of the plunger through the paper, and means for moving the toothed bar out of engagement with the pawl on said resistance member.

6. kA machine of the kind described embodying therein, paper holding means, a swingable constant resistance member, a plunger operatively connected to said resistance member for imparting a swinging movement thereto inl one direction and against which the paper is moved by said holding means, an indicator device associated with said .swingable resistance member, means for releasably holding said resistance member in that position into which it has been swung by the plunger, upon the breaking of the plunger through the paper, and means for retarding the return movement of said resistance member after said holding means has been released.

7. A machine of the kind vdescribed em-l bodying therein, paper holding means, a swingable constant resistance member, a

plungery operatively connected to said reit has been swung by the plunger, upon the breaking of the plunger through the paper, and means for frictionally engaging said resistance member lfor braking the return movement of said resistance member after said holding means has been released. i

8. A machine of the kind described embodying therein, paper holding means, a swingable constant resistance member, a plunger operatively connected to said resistance member for imparting a swinging movement thereto in one direction and against which the paper is moved by said holding means, an indicator device associated with said swingable resistance member, means for releasably holding said resistance member in that position into which it has been swung bythe plunger, upon the breaking of the plunger through the paper,

a brake shoe normally out of engagement with said resistance member when .said member is swung in one direction, and means for moving said brake shoe into position to be engaged by said resistance member in its return movement after said holding means has been released.

9. A machine of the kind described embodying therein, paper holding means, a swingable constant resistance member, a plunger operatively vconnected' to said rcsistance member for imparting a swinging movement thereto in one direction and against which the paper is moved by said holding means, an indicator device associated with said swingable resista-nce member7 means for releasably holding said resistance member inthat position into which it has been swung by the plunger, upon the breaking of the plunger through the paper, a brake shoe normally out of enga-gement with said resistance member when said member. is swung in one direction, and means actuated by said paper holder for movin@r said brake shoe into position to be engaged by said resistance member upon its return movement after said holding means has been released.

10. A machine of the kind described embodying therein, pap-er holding means, a swingable constant resistance member, a plunger operatively connected to said resistance member for imparting a swinging movement thereto in one direction and against which the paper is moved by said holding means, a pawl carried by said resistance member, a ratchet toothed bar pivoted at one end and adapted to be 'engaged by the pawl for holding the resistance member in that position into which it has been swung upon breaking of the plunger through the paper, a brake shoe normally out of engagement with said resistance member when swingingv in one direction, means connecting said paper holding means with said brake shoe for moving the same into position to be engaged by said resistance member in its return movement, said last mentioned means including a rock shaft and cam for engaging the brake shoe, and means operatively connected to the other end of the rack bar for releasing it from the pawl to permit said resistance member to swing in the other direction but in engagement with said brake shoe.

11. A machine of the kind described embodying therein, a casing, a vertically mov able paper holder, a weight member swingably mounted in the casing, a plunger in said casing operatively connected to said weight member for imparting a swinging movement v thereto in one direction and against which the paper is moved by said holding means, an indicator device without the casing and connected to said weight member, means actuated from without the casing Jfor imparting` movement to said paper holder and including a threaded post and gearing for imparting a longitudinal movement thereto, a y pawl carried by the weight member, a toothed bar within the casing adapted to be releasably engaged by said pawl and means without the casing for causing a relative release movement between said pawl and bar.

12. A machine of the kind described embodying therein, a casing, a threaded post arranged in the casing and having laterally spaced arms projecting through the top wall ct said casing, a paper holder carried by said arms, means operative from without the casing and including a gear engaged with said post for imparting a vertical movement thereto, a plunger in alignment with said post and against which the paper is moved by said holding means, a weight member pivoted in the casing for swinging movement, an indicator Without the casing actuated by said weight, means connecting said weight to said plunger, a pawl carried by said weight member, a ratchet toothed bar in said casing adapted to be engaged by said pawl to hold said weight member in that position into which it has been swung upon breaking of the plunger through the paper, and means operable `from without the casing `for causing a relative Arelease Ikpovement between said pawl and toothed 13. A machinevof the kind described embodying therein a casing, a swinging weight member therein, a plunger operatively connected to said weight member, a paper holder, without the casing, said plunger and paper holder being relatively movable, means releasably holding said weight member in the positioninto which it has been swung by said plunger upon breaking of the plunger through the paper, an indicator without the casing actuated by said weight member and means for releasing said holding means.

14. A machine for testing the bursting strength of paper for a given area includa dead Weight member movable through the agency of the paper until it is broken by the resistance of said member, and means for visibly presenting the amount of resistance imposed on the paper at the time of it-s breaking through.

15. A machine for testing the bursting strength of a given area of paper, including means for holding said area yof paper, a dead weight member, said holding means and dead weight being relatively movable through the agency of said area of paper until said area is broken through by the resistance of said dead weight member, and means for visibly presenting the amount of said resistance upon the breaking through of said paper area.

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our hands this 7 day of August, 1925.

WALTER A. JoHNsoN. RUDOLF HUEGKLER.

ing means for holding said area of paper, 

